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refactor: 문서 개선 중

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donghyeon-ka
2026-09-21 14:30:55 +09:00
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docs/virtualization/final/assets/diagrams/packet-control-and-data-paths/packet-control-and-data-paths.alt.md
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## Elements and evidence
- **virsh** (cli): VM/network 관리 CLI. packet datapath 에는 직접 참여하지 않는다. Evidence: L5662–L5662, L5687–L5689.
- **libvirt** (service): VM lifecycle 과 NIC/network configuration 을 관리한다. Evidence: L5663–L5663, L5691–L5691.
- **QEMU** (process): 실제로 실행되는 프로세스. 이 안에 virtio-net device model 이 있다. Evidence: L5666–L5666, L5693–L5693.
- **virtio-net Device Model** (service): control/setup path 가 닿는 자리. 장치를 만들고 backend 를 연결한다. Evidence: L5666–L5666, L5695–L5700.
- **Physical NIC** (hardware): 밖에서 온 packet 이 처음 닿는 하드웨어. Evidence: L5706–L5708.
- **Physical NIC Driver** (driver): 그 하드웨어를 제어하는 Host kernel driver. Evidence: L5674–L5674, L5710–L5710.
- **virsh** (cli): VM/network 관리 CLI. packet datapath 에는 직접 참여하지 않는다. Evidence: L5675–L5675, L5700–L5702.
- **libvirt** (service): VM lifecycle 과 NIC/network configuration 을 관리한다. Evidence: L5676–L5676, L5704–L5704.
- **QEMU** (process): 실제로 실행되는 프로세스. 이 안에 virtio-net device model 이 있다. Evidence: L5679–L5679, L5706–L5706.
- **virtio-net Device Model** (service): control/setup path 가 닿는 자리. 장치를 만들고 backend 를 연결한다. Evidence: L5679–L5679, L5708–L5713.
- **Physical NIC** (hardware): 밖에서 온 packet 이 처음 닿는 하드웨어. Evidence: L5719–L5721.
- **Physical NIC Driver** (driver): 그 하드웨어를 제어하는 Host kernel driver. Evidence: L5687–L5687, L5723–L5723.
- **Linux Bridge /
Routing / NAT** (network): L2 software switch 와 L3 routing, 주소 변환이 놓이는 자리. Evidence: L5672–L5673, L5712–L5712.
- **TAP** (network): VM 의 Ethernet frame 과 Host Linux networking 을 잇는 접점. Evidence: L5671–L5671, L5714–L5714.
- **vhost-net** (kernel): 반복되는 packet datapath 를 Host kernel 에서 처리하는 backend. Evidence: L5669–L5669, L5716–L5716.
- **QEMU virtio backend** (process): vhost-net 을 쓰지 않을 때 datapath backend 를 맡는 쪽. Evidence: L5668–L5668, L5742–L5742.
- **virtqueue** (queue): Guest 와 Host backend 가 I/O buffer 를 주고받는 descriptor 기반 공유 큐. Evidence: L5667–L5667, L5718–L5718.
- **Guest** (service): packet 이 올라가 애플리케이션 socket 에 닿는 쪽. Evidence: L5664–L5665, L5720–L5726.
Routing / NAT** (network): L2 software switch 와 L3 routing, 주소 변환이 놓이는 자리. Evidence: L5685–L5686, L5725–L5725.
- **TAP** (network): VM 의 Ethernet frame 과 Host Linux networking 을 잇는 접점. Evidence: L5684–L5684, L5727–L5727.
- **vhost-net** (kernel): 반복되는 packet datapath 를 Host kernel 에서 처리하는 backend. Evidence: L5682–L5682, L5729–L5729.
- **QEMU virtio backend** (process): vhost-net 을 쓰지 않을 때 datapath backend 를 맡는 쪽. Evidence: L5681–L5681, L5755–L5755.
- **virtqueue** (queue): Guest 와 Host backend 가 I/O buffer 를 주고받는 descriptor 기반 공유 큐. Evidence: L5680–L5680, L5731–L5731.
- **Guest** (service): packet 이 올라가 애플리케이션 socket 에 닿는 쪽. Evidence: L5677–L5678, L5733–L5739.
## Relationships
- **Linux Bridge /
Routing / NAT → TAP:** Ethernet Frame. Evidence: L5671–L5671, L5712–L5714.
Routing / NAT → TAP:** Ethernet Frame. Evidence: L5684–L5684, L5725–L5727.
- **Physical NIC Driver → Linux Bridge /
Routing / NAT:** L2 forwarding. Evidence: L5672–L5672, L5710–L5712.
- **libvirt → QEMU:** NIC/network configuration. Evidence: L5663–L5663, L5691–L5693.
- **Physical NIC → Physical NIC Driver:** Ethernet Frame. Evidence: L5671–L5671, L5708–L5710.
- **QEMU virtio backend → virtqueue:** Data Path. Evidence: L5729–L5729, L5742–L5744.
- **QEMU → virtio-net Device Model:** QEMU process. Evidence: L5666–L5666, L5693–L5695.
- **virtio-net Device Model → QEMU virtio backend:** control. Evidence: L5668–L5668, L5700–L5700.
- **virtio-net Device Model → vhost-net:** vhost-net backend 설정. Evidence: L5700–L5700, L5716–L5716.
- **TAP → QEMU virtio backend:** data. Evidence: L5729–L5729, L5740–L5742.
- **TAP → vhost-net:** vhost-net 사용. Evidence: L5703–L5703, L5714–L5716.
- **vhost-net → virtqueue:** Data Path. Evidence: L5703–L5703, L5716–L5718.
- **virsh → libvirt:** Control / Setup. Evidence: L5662–L5663, L5684–L5691.
- **virtqueue → Guest:** virtio-net Frontend Driver. Evidence: L5664–L5664, L5718–L5726.
Routing / NAT:** L2 forwarding. Evidence: L5685–L5685, L5723–L5725.
- **libvirt → QEMU:** NIC config. Evidence: L5676–L5676, L5704–L5706.
- **Physical NIC → Physical NIC Driver:** Ethernet Frame. Evidence: L5684–L5684, L5721–L5723.
- **QEMU virtio backend → virtqueue:** Data Path. Evidence: L5742–L5742, L5755–L5757.
- **QEMU → virtio-net Device Model:** QEMU process. Evidence: L5679–L5679, L5706–L5708.
- **virtio-net Device Model → QEMU virtio backend:** control. Evidence: L5681–L5681, L5713–L5713.
- **virtio-net Device Model → vhost-net:** vhost-net backend 설정. Evidence: L5713–L5713, L5729–L5729.
- **TAP → QEMU virtio backend:** data. Evidence: L5742–L5742, L5753–L5755.
- **TAP → vhost-net:** vhost-net 사용. Evidence: L5716–L5716, L5727–L5729.
- **vhost-net → virtqueue:** Data Path. Evidence: L5716–L5716, L5729–L5731.
- **virsh → libvirt:** Control / Setup. Evidence: L5675–L5676, L5697–L5704.
- **virtqueue → Guest:** frontend. Evidence: L5677–L5677, L5731–L5739.
docs/virtualization/final/assets/diagrams/packet-control-and-data-paths/packet-control-and-data-paths.d2
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# control/setup path 는 QEMU 를 지나고 data path 는 backend 에 따라 QEMU 를 지나기도 안 지나기도 한다
# Question: 설정하는 경로와 packet 이 흐르는 경로는 어디에서 갈라지고, 그 두 갈래 가운데 어느 쪽이 QEMU 사용자 공간을 지나는가
direction: down
direction: right
n0: "virsh" {
shape: rectangle
}
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ n11: "Guest" {
shape: rectangle
}
n0 -> n1: "Control / Setup"
n1 -> n2: "NIC/network configuration"
n1 -> n2: "NIC config"
n2 -> n3: "QEMU process"
n4 -> n5: "Ethernet Frame"
n5 -> n6: "L2 forwarding"
@@ -49,4 +49,4 @@ n7 -> n8: "vhost-net 사용"
n7 -> n9
n8 -> n10: "Data Path"
n9 -> n10: "Data Path"
n10 -> n11: "virtio-net Frontend Driver"
n10 -> n11: "frontend"
docs/virtualization/final/assets/diagrams/packet-control-and-data-paths/packet-control-and-data-paths.dot
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@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
digraph techviz {
graph [rankdir=LR, splines=ortho, nodesep=0.55, ranksep=0.85];
node [fontname=Helvetica, fontsize=11, margin="0.18,0.12", style="rounded,filled", fillcolor=white, color="#2d4357", penwidth=1.5];
edge [fontname=Helvetica, fontsize=10, color="#364b5f", penwidth=1.4, arrowsize=0.75];
n0 [label="virsh", shape=box, style="rounded,filled"];
n1 [label="libvirt", shape=box, style="rounded,filled"];
n2 [label="QEMU", shape=box, style="rounded,filled"];
n3 [label="virtio-net Device Model", shape=box, style="rounded,filled"];
n4 [label="Physical NIC", shape=box, style="rounded,filled"];
n5 [label="Physical NIC Driver", shape=box, style="rounded,filled"];
n6 [label="Linux Bridge /\nRouting / NAT", shape=box, style="rounded,filled"];
n7 [label="TAP", shape=box, style="rounded,filled"];
n8 [label="vhost-net", shape=box, style="rounded,filled"];
n9 [label="QEMU virtio backend", shape=box, style="rounded,filled"];
n10 [label="virtqueue", shape=oval, style="rounded,filled"];
n11 [label="Guest", shape=box, style="rounded,filled"];
n0 -> n1 [label="Control / Setup", style=solid];
n1 -> n2 [label="NIC config", style=solid];
n2 -> n3 [label="QEMU process", style=solid];
n4 -> n5 [label="Ethernet Frame", style=solid];
n5 -> n6 [label="L2 forwarding", style=solid];
n6 -> n7 [label="Ethernet Frame", style=solid];
n3 -> n8 [label="vhost-net backend 설정", style=solid];
n3 -> n9 [label="", style=solid];
n7 -> n8 [label="vhost-net 사용", style=solid];
n7 -> n9 [label="", style=solid];
n8 -> n10 [label="Data Path", style=solid];
n9 -> n10 [label="Data Path", style=solid];
n10 -> n11 [label="frontend", style=solid];
}
docs/virtualization/final/assets/diagrams/packet-control-and-data-paths/packet-control-and-data-paths.drawio
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@@ -1,110 +1,110 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<mxCell id="n_virsh" value="virsh&lt;br/&gt;User" tooltip="VM/network 관리 CLI. packet datapath 에는 직접 참여하지 않는다. | Evidence: L5662-L5662, L5687-L5689" style="whiteSpace=wrap;html=1;rounded=1;strokeWidth=2;fontSize=14;fontStyle=1;fillColor=#ffffff;strokeColor=#2d4357;verticalAlign=middle;" vertex="1" parent="1">
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<mxCell id="n_virsh" value="virsh&lt;br/&gt;User" tooltip="VM/network 관리 CLI. packet datapath 에는 직접 참여하지 않는다. | Evidence: L5675-L5675, L5700-L5702" style="whiteSpace=wrap;html=1;rounded=1;strokeWidth=2;fontSize=14;fontStyle=1;fillColor=#ffffff;strokeColor=#2d4357;verticalAlign=middle;" vertex="1" parent="1">
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<mxCell id="n_physical-nic" value="Physical NIC" tooltip="밖에서 온 packet 이 처음 닿는 하드웨어. | Evidence: L5706-L5708" style="whiteSpace=wrap;html=1;rounded=1;strokeWidth=2;fontSize=14;fontStyle=1;fillColor=#ffffff;strokeColor=#2d4357;verticalAlign=middle;" vertex="1" parent="1">
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<mxCell id="n_libvirt" value="libvirt" tooltip="VM lifecycle 과 NIC/network configuration 을 관리한다. | Evidence: L5663-L5663, L5691-L5691" style="whiteSpace=wrap;html=1;rounded=1;strokeWidth=2;fontSize=14;fontStyle=1;fillColor=#ffffff;strokeColor=#2d4357;verticalAlign=middle;" vertex="1" parent="1">
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<mxCell id="n_libvirt" value="libvirt" tooltip="VM lifecycle 과 NIC/network configuration 을 관리한다. | Evidence: L5676-L5676, L5704-L5704" style="whiteSpace=wrap;html=1;rounded=1;strokeWidth=2;fontSize=14;fontStyle=1;fillColor=#ffffff;strokeColor=#2d4357;verticalAlign=middle;" vertex="1" parent="1">
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<mxCell id="n_physical-nic-driver" value="Physical NIC Driver" tooltip="그 하드웨어를 제어하는 Host kernel driver. | Evidence: L5674-L5674, L5710-L5710" style="whiteSpace=wrap;html=1;rounded=1;strokeWidth=2;fontSize=14;fontStyle=1;fillColor=#ffffff;strokeColor=#2d4357;verticalAlign=middle;" vertex="1" parent="1">
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<mxCell id="n_physical-nic-driver" value="Physical NIC Driver" tooltip="그 하드웨어를 제어하는 Host kernel driver. | Evidence: L5687-L5687, L5723-L5723" style="whiteSpace=wrap;html=1;rounded=1;strokeWidth=2;fontSize=14;fontStyle=1;fillColor=#ffffff;strokeColor=#2d4357;verticalAlign=middle;" vertex="1" parent="1">
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<mxCell id="n_linux-bridge" value="Linux Bridge /
Routing / NAT" tooltip="L2 software switch 와 L3 routing, 주소 변환이 놓이는 자리. | Evidence: L5672-L5673, L5712-L5712" style="whiteSpace=wrap;html=1;rounded=1;strokeWidth=2;fontSize=14;fontStyle=1;fillColor=#ffffff;strokeColor=#2d4357;verticalAlign=middle;" vertex="1" parent="1">
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Routing / NAT" tooltip="L2 software switch 와 L3 routing, 주소 변환이 놓이는 자리. | Evidence: L5685-L5686, L5725-L5725" style="whiteSpace=wrap;html=1;rounded=1;strokeWidth=2;fontSize=14;fontStyle=1;fillColor=#ffffff;strokeColor=#2d4357;verticalAlign=middle;" vertex="1" parent="1">
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<mxCell id="n_tap" value="TAP&lt;br/&gt;Host-side interface" tooltip="VM 의 Ethernet frame 과 Host Linux networking 을 잇는 접점. | Evidence: L5684-L5684, L5727-L5727" style="whiteSpace=wrap;html=1;rounded=1;strokeWidth=2;fontSize=14;fontStyle=1;fillColor=#ffffff;strokeColor=#2d4357;verticalAlign=middle;" vertex="1" parent="1">
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docs/virtualization/final/assets/diagrams/packet-control-and-data-paths/packet-control-and-data-paths.excalidraw
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"x": 388.5,
"y": 102.5,
"width": 150.0,
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"angle": 0,
@@ -1383,8 +1383,8 @@
{
"id": "node-label-libvirt",
"type": "text",
"x": 92.0,
"y": 237.0,
"x": 398.5,
"y": 112.5,
"width": 130.0,
"height": 44.0,
"angle": 0,
@@ -1422,8 +1422,8 @@
{
"id": "node-physical-nic-driver",
"type": "rectangle",
"x": 292.0,
"y": 227.0,
"x": 380.0,
"y": 238.5,
"width": 167.0,
"height": 64.0,
"angle": 0,
@@ -1452,8 +1452,8 @@
{
"id": "node-label-physical-nic-driver",
"type": "text",
"x": 302.0,
"y": 237.0,
"x": 390.0,
"y": 248.5,
"width": 147.0,
"height": 44.0,
"angle": 0,
@@ -1491,8 +1491,8 @@
{
"id": "node-qemu",
"type": "rectangle",
"x": 90.5,
"y": 388.5,
"x": 707.0,
"y": 94.0,
"width": 150.0,
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"angle": 0,
@@ -1521,8 +1521,8 @@
{
"id": "node-label-qemu",
"type": "text",
"x": 100.5,
"y": 398.5,
"x": 717.0,
"y": 104.0,
"width": 130.0,
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"angle": 0,
@@ -1560,8 +1560,8 @@
{
"id": "node-linux-bridge",
"type": "rectangle",
"x": 300.5,
"y": 387.0,
"x": 707.0,
"y": 237.0,
"width": 150.0,
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"angle": 0,
@@ -1590,8 +1590,8 @@
{
"id": "node-label-linux-bridge",
"type": "text",
"x": 310.5,
"y": 397.0,
"x": 717.0,
"y": 247.0,
"width": 130.0,
"height": 54.0,
"angle": 0,
@@ -1629,8 +1629,8 @@
{
"id": "node-virtio-net-device-model",
"type": "rectangle",
"x": 70.0,
"y": 557.0,
"x": 1017.0,
"y": 60.0,
"width": 174.0,
"height": 142.0,
"angle": 0,
@@ -1659,8 +1659,8 @@
{
"id": "node-label-virtio-net-device-model",
"type": "text",
"x": 80.0,
"y": 567.0,
"x": 1027.0,
"y": 70.0,
"width": 154.0,
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"angle": 0,
@@ -1698,8 +1698,8 @@
{
"id": "node-tap",
"type": "rectangle",
"x": 304.0,
"y": 592.5,
"x": 1020.5,
"y": 274.0,
"width": 167.0,
"height": 71.0,
"angle": 0,
@@ -1728,8 +1728,8 @@
{
"id": "node-label-tap",
"type": "text",
"x": 314.0,
"y": 602.5,
"x": 1030.5,
"y": 284.0,
"width": 147.0,
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"angle": 0,
@@ -1767,8 +1767,8 @@
{
"id": "node-qemu-virtio-backend",
"type": "rectangle",
"x": 82.0,
"y": 795.0,
"x": 1351.0,
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"width": 167.0,
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"angle": 0,
@@ -1797,8 +1797,8 @@
{
"id": "node-label-qemu-virtio-backend",
"type": "text",
"x": 92.0,
"y": 805.0,
"x": 1361.0,
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@@ -1836,8 +1836,8 @@
{
"id": "node-vhost-net",
"type": "rectangle",
"x": 309.0,
"y": 795.0,
"x": 1359.5,
"y": 238.5,
"width": 150.0,
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@@ -1866,8 +1866,8 @@
{
"id": "node-label-vhost-net",
"type": "text",
"x": 319.0,
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"x": 1369.5,
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@@ -1905,8 +1905,8 @@
{
"id": "node-virtqueue",
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"x": 1678.0,
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@@ -1935,8 +1935,8 @@
{
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@@ -1974,8 +1974,8 @@
{
"id": "node-guest",
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"x": 162.5,
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"x": 1988.0,
"y": 141.5,
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@@ -2004,8 +2004,8 @@
{
"id": "node-label-guest",
"type": "text",
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docs/virtualization/final/assets/diagrams/packet-control-and-data-paths/packet-control-and-data-paths.manifest.json
+16 -5
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@@ -2,21 +2,22 @@
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"line": 5695
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"packet-control-and-data-paths.drawio",
"packet-control-and-data-paths.mmd",
"packet-control-and-data-paths.d2",
"packet-control-and-data-paths.dot",
"packet-control-and-data-paths.drawio",
"packet-control-and-data-paths.excalidraw",
"packet-control-and-data-paths.alt.md"
],
@@ -27,5 +28,15 @@
"reference_ids": [
"payment-event-flow"
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"diagram_only": true,
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docs/virtualization/final/assets/diagrams/packet-control-and-data-paths/packet-control-and-data-paths.mmd
+3 -3
View File
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
%% control/setup path 는 QEMU 를 지나고 data path 는 backend 에 따라 QEMU 를 지나기도 안 지나기도 한다
%% question: 설정하는 경로와 packet 이 흐르는 경로는 어디에서 갈라지고, 그 두 갈래 가운데 어느 쪽이 QEMU 사용자 공간을 지나는가
flowchart TB
flowchart LR
n0["virsh"]
n1["libvirt"]
n2["QEMU"]
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ flowchart TB
n10(["virtqueue"])
n11["Guest"]
n0 -->|"Control / Setup"| n1
n1 -->|"NIC/network configuration"| n2
n1 -->|"NIC config"| n2
n2 -->|"QEMU process"| n3
n4 -->|"Ethernet Frame"| n5
n5 -->|"L2 forwarding"| n6
@@ -25,4 +25,4 @@ flowchart TB
n7 --> n9
n8 -->|"Data Path"| n10
n9 -->|"Data Path"| n10
n10 -->|"virtio-net Frontend Driver"| n11
n10 -->|"frontend"| n11
docs/virtualization/final/assets/diagrams/packet-control-and-data-paths/packet-control-and-data-paths.svg
+86 -86
View File
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="680" height="1296" viewBox="0 0 680 1296" role="img" aria-labelledby="diagram-title diagram-description">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="2249" height="390" viewBox="0 0 2249 390" role="img" aria-labelledby="diagram-title diagram-description">
<title id="diagram-title">control/setup path 는 QEMU 를 지나고 data path 는 backend 에 따라 QEMU 를 지나기도 안 지나기도 한다</title>
<desc id="diagram-description">왼쪽에서 오른쪽으로 읽는다. 위쪽 줄이 control/setup path 다. virsh 에서 libvirt 와 QEMU 를 지나 virtio-net Device Model 에 닿고, 그 device model 이 virtual NIC 생성과 feature negotiation, virtqueue 설정, vhost-net backend 설정을 맡는다. 아래쪽 줄이 data path 다. Physical NIC 에서 Physical NIC Driver 와 Linux Bridge, TAP 까지 온다. 두 줄은 네 번째 열 다음에서 만난다. device model 은 점선으로 backend 둘을 설정하고, TAP 은 실선으로 그 둘 가운데 실제로 쓰는 쪽에 packet 을 넘긴다. vhost-net 을 쓰면 packet 은 Host Kernel 안에서 처리돼 QEMU 사용자 공간을 지나지 않고, QEMU virtio backend 를 쓰면 같은 packet 이 QEMU 사용자 공간을 지난다. 어느 쪽이든 virtqueue 에서 만나 Guest 로 올라간다. 이 Host 가 둘 중 어느 backend 를 쓰고 있는지는 그림이 말하지 않는다.</desc>
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