/**
 * Descriptor-based exact decoding for values that cross a trust boundary.
 *
 * Several adapters independently wrote "check the shape, then read it again to
 * copy it". That order is the bug: between the check and the copy an accessor
 * or a Proxy can answer differently, so the value that was validated and the
 * value that was installed are two different things. Every helper here reads a
 * property exactly once, through its own data descriptor, and hands back an
 * owned plain object. Validation then runs on the snapshot, never on the source.
 *
 * The helpers are total: a hostile `getPrototypeOf`, `ownKeys` or
 * `getOwnPropertyDescriptor` trap yields `null`, never a thrown exception, so a
 * caller can keep its own typed failure vocabulary.
 */

const DEFAULT_PROTOTYPES: readonly (object | null)[] = Object.freeze([
  Object.prototype,
  null,
]);

export type ExactObjectPolicy = Readonly<{
  /** Every own key the value may carry. Anything else rejects the snapshot. */
  allowed: readonly string[];
  /** Keys that must be present as own data properties. */
  required?: readonly string[];
  /**
   * Prototypes the value may have. Defaults to a plain object or a null
   * prototype, which is what a decoded wire payload or a literal produces.
   */
  prototypes?: readonly (object | null)[];
}>;

/**
 * Reads `source[key]` exactly once through its own data descriptor. An accessor,
 * an inherited property or a missing key all answer `undefined`, and a trap that
 * throws answers `undefined` rather than escaping.
 */
export function ownDataValue(source: unknown, key: string): unknown {
  if (source === null || typeof source !== "object") return undefined;
  try {
    const descriptor = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, key);
    if (!descriptor || !("value" in descriptor)) return undefined;
    return descriptor.value;
  } catch {
    return undefined;
  }
}

/** True when `key` is present as an own data property. */
export function hasOwnDataKey(source: unknown, key: string): boolean {
  if (source === null || typeof source !== "object") return false;
  try {
    const descriptor = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, key);
    return Boolean(descriptor) && "value" in (descriptor as PropertyDescriptor);
  } catch {
    return false;
  }
}

/**
 * Copies `source` into a frozen plain object, reading every property exactly
 * once. Returns `null` when the value is not an object, carries a symbol or an
 * unexpected own key, exposes an accessor, has an unapproved prototype, misses a
 * required key, or makes any reflection operation throw.
 */
export function snapshotExactObject(
  source: unknown,
  policy: ExactObjectPolicy,
): Readonly<Record<string, unknown>> | null {
  if (source === null || typeof source !== "object") return null;
  try {
    const prototypes = policy.prototypes ?? DEFAULT_PROTOTYPES;
    if (!prototypes.includes(Reflect.getPrototypeOf(source))) return null;
    if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(source).length > 0) return null;

    const allowed = new Set(policy.allowed);
    const names = Object.getOwnPropertyNames(source);
    const snapshot: Record<string, unknown> = {};
    for (const name of names) {
      if (!allowed.has(name)) return null;
      const descriptor = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, name);
      // A non-enumerable own property is as much a smuggled field as an
      // inherited one, and an accessor is a second read waiting to happen.
      if (
        !descriptor ||
        !("value" in descriptor) ||
        descriptor.enumerable !== true
      ) {
        return null;
      }
      Object.defineProperty(snapshot, name, {
        value: descriptor.value,
        enumerable: true,
        writable: false,
        configurable: false,
      });
    }
    for (const name of policy.required ?? []) {
      if (!Object.hasOwn(snapshot, name)) return null;
    }
    return Object.freeze(snapshot);
  } catch {
    return null;
  }
}

/**
 * Copies an open-keyed record — a header bag, a query map — into a frozen owned
 * object, reading every property exactly once. The key set is not constrained
 * here; admission against an allow-list stays with the policy that owns it, so
 * the more specific rejection can still be reported. Returns `null` for a
 * non-object, a symbol key, an accessor, a non-enumerable own key, an
 * unapproved prototype, more than `maximumKeys` entries, or a throwing trap.
 */
export function snapshotOwnDataRecord(
  source: unknown,
  maximumKeys = 64,
): Readonly<Record<string, unknown>> | null {
  if (source === null || typeof source !== "object") return null;
  try {
    if (!DEFAULT_PROTOTYPES.includes(Reflect.getPrototypeOf(source))) {
      return null;
    }
    if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(source).length > 0) return null;
    const names = Object.getOwnPropertyNames(source);
    if (names.length > maximumKeys) return null;
    const snapshot: Record<string, unknown> = {};
    for (const name of names) {
      const descriptor = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, name);
      if (
        !descriptor ||
        !("value" in descriptor) ||
        descriptor.enumerable !== true
      ) {
        return null;
      }
      Object.defineProperty(snapshot, name, {
        value: descriptor.value,
        enumerable: true,
        writable: false,
        configurable: false,
      });
    }
    return Object.freeze(snapshot);
  } catch {
    return null;
  }
}

/**
 * Copies a genuine array into a frozen owned array, reading each element exactly
 * once. Returns `null` for a non-array, a hostile length or a trap that throws.
 */
export function snapshotExactArray(
  source: unknown,
  maximumLength = 4_096,
): readonly unknown[] | null {
  try {
    if (!Array.isArray(source)) return null;
    const length = source.length;
    if (!Number.isSafeInteger(length) || length < 0 || length > maximumLength) {
      return null;
    }
    const items: unknown[] = [];
    for (let index = 0; index < length; index += 1) {
      const descriptor = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, String(index));
      if (!descriptor || !("value" in descriptor)) return null;
      items.push(descriptor.value);
    }
    return Object.freeze(items);
  } catch {
    return null;
  }
}